Clin Chim Acta 1982;122:369-75. Sarafoglou, K., Tridgell, A. H., Bentler, K., Redlinger-Grosse, K., Berry, S. A., and Schimmenti, L. A. Cardiac conduction improvement in two heterozygotes for primary carnitine deficiency on L-carnitine supplementation. Physiologie. Sekas G, Paul HS. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr. Carnitine deficiency disorders in children. Available for Android and iOS devices. Talenezhad N, Mohammadi M, Ramezani-Jolfaie N, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Salehi-Abargouei A. L-Carnosine is known as the ' longevity molecule'. View abstract. Heart complications (such as irregular heartbeat and heart failure). Levocarnitine for asparaginase-induced hepatic injury: a multi-institutional case series and review of the literature. 2010;55(6):384-389. J Clin Biochem.Nutr. View abstract. Shi, J. Brain Dev. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1998;12:291-9. Zhu Y, Xue C, Ou J, Xie Z, Deng J. Yang, L., Yin, H., Yang, R., and Huang, X. Smith, W. A., Fry, A. C., Tschume, L. C., and Bloomer, R. J. Maillart, E., Acquaviva-Bourdain, C., Rigal, O., Brivet, M., Jardel, C., Lombes, A., Eymard, B., Vianey-Saban, C., and Laforet, P. [Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD): a curable cause of genetic muscular lipidosis]. Bloomer, R. J., Farney, T. M., Trepanowski, J. F., McCarthy, C. G., Canale, R. E., and Schilling, B. K. Comparison of pre-workout nitric oxide stimulating dietary supplements on skeletal muscle oxygen saturation, blood nitrate/nitrite, lipid peroxidation, and upper body exercise performance in resistance trained men. Fertil.Steril. View abstract. Cipolli, C. and Chiari, G. [Effects of L-acetylcarnitine on mental deterioration in the aged: initial results]. Nootropics are drugs or supplements that can boost brain function. View abstract. Human studies indicate that taking acetyl-L-carnitine daily helps reverse the decline in brain function associated with Alzheimers and other brain diseases (32, 33, 34). 2007;62(4):349-354. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. Nausea Diarrhea Vomiting Skin rash Less common side effects of Garcinia cambogia include: Mania/psychosis [ 88, 89, 90, 91, 92] Hallucinations, delusions, and impaired coordination [ 93] Heart problems (irregular heart rate, heart muscle damage, and heart failure) [ 94, 95] Serious muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis) [ 96, 97, 98] Pediatrics 1994;93:893-5. Metabolism 2008;57(4):549-554. A., Borum, P., Stall, C., Millspaugh, J., Taggart, E., and Lum, G. Carnitine status of pediatric patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Gesuete, V., Ragni, L., and Picchio, F. M. [The "big heart" of carnitine]. L-carnitine supplements can incur side effects similar to those of most dietary supplements and medications. Current Therapeutic Research 1981;30(5):753-764. Most people tolerate L-carnitine well. View abstract. Wilderness.Environ.Med. View abstract. It specifically emphasizes upon the beneficial role of l-carnitine in cardiomyopathy. Management and outcome in 75 individuals with long-chain fatty acid oxidation defects: results from a workshop. Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine on quality of life in intermittent claudication. 2010;16(3):235-249. DiNicolantonio, J. J., Lavie, C. J., Fares, H., Menezes, A. R., and O'Keefe, J. H. L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. View abstract. Bella R, Biondi R, Raffaele R, Pennisi G. Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on geriatric patients suffering from dysthymic disorders. To make sure L-Carnitine is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have: kidney disease (or if you are on dialysis); if you use a blood thinner (warfarin, Coumadin, Jantoven) and you have routine "INR" or prothrombin time tests. It can also cause the urine, breath, and sweat to have a "fishy" odor. View abstract. Propionyl-L-carnitine is safe for most people when taken by mouth or given intravenously by a healthcare professional. View abstract. 2006;44(3):525-530. L-Carnitine in maintenance hemo- dialysis clinical, lipid and biochemical effects. A. View abstract. Z., Wang, L. X., Liu, H. Z., Qi, X. W., Wang, X. H., and Ren, H. Z. L-carnitine as an adjunct therapy to percutaneous coronary intervention for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:1738-44. Tabibi, H., Hakeshzadeh, F., Hedayati, M., and Malakoutian, T. Effects of l-carnitine supplement on serum amyloid A and vascular inflammation markers in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial. Nephrol.Dial.Transplant. Torrioli, M. G., Vernacotola, S., Peruzzi, L., Tabolacci, E., Mila, M., Militerni, R., Musumeci, S., Ramos, F. J., Frontera, M., Sorge, G., Marzullo, E., Romeo, G., Vallee, L., Veneselli, E., Cocchi, E., Garbarino, E., Moscato, U., Chiurazzi, P., D'Iddio, S., Calvani, M., and Neri, G. A double-blind, parallel, multicenter comparison of L-acetylcarnitine with placebo on the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in fragile X syndrome boys. Wang, J. and Wang, X. Immunopharmacol.Immunotoxicol. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. 31P-MRS study of acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in geriatric depression: preliminary results. Pediatr.Neonatol. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014;180:148-52. View abstract. 2007;86(1):31-34. J Urol. 2013;88(6):544-551. B., Abdenur, J. E., and Wing, D. A. Carnitine deficiency in pregnancy. Rajasekar, P. and Anuradha, C. V. L-Carnitine inhibits protein glycation in vitro and in vivo: evidence for a role in diabetic management. 2007;20(1):63-65. J Pediatrics 1991;118:646-9. Angiology 1989;40(10):857-862. Karalis DT, Karalis T, Karalis S, Kleisiari AS. J Pharm Sci 1995;84(5):627-633. Siami, G., Clinton, M. E., Mrak, R., Griffis, J., and Stone, W. Evaluation of the effect of intravenous L-carnitine therapy on function, structure and fatty acid metabolism of skeletal muscle in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis. The process is the ability to heal the body, which is a daily process. Nasca D, Zurria G, and Aguglia E. Action of acetyl-L-carnitine in association with mianserine on depressed old people. Am J Clin.Nutr 2009;89(1):71-76. Kotby, A. View abstract. View abstract. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:380-7. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. Clin Trial J 1984;21:40-58. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. View abstract. 2014 Feb;99(2):408-22. For these reasons, L-carnitine supplements are only necessary in special cases, such as disease treatment. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:1377-84. 2010;38:152-5. Liu, S., Wu, H. J., Zhang, Z. Q., Chen, Q., Liu, B., Wu, J. P., and Zhu, L. L-carnitine ameliorates cancer cachexia in mice by regulating the expression and activity of carnitine palmityl transferase. Clin Drug Investig. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1992;18(2):69-80. Nausea and Vomiting The Linus Pauling Institute notes that common side effects of taking L-carnitine supplements are nausea and vomiting 1. View abstract. Lim, C. Y., Jun, D. W., Jang, S. S., Cho, W. K., Chae, J. D., and Jun, J. H. Effects of carnitine on peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA copy number and liver function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Molfino, A., Cascino, A., Conte, C., Ramaccini, C., Rossi, Fanelli F., and Laviano, A. Caloric restriction and L-carnitine administration improves insulin sensitivity in patients with impaired glucose metabolism. Neurology 1991;41:1726-32. European multicenter study on propionyl-L-carnitine in intermittent claudication. Roy, M. J., Dionne, S., Marx, G., Qureshi, I., Sarma, D., Levy, E., and Seidman, E. G. In vitro studies on the inhibition of colon cancer by butyrate and carnitine. Acta Neurol.Scand. View abstract. Nutr Res 1997;17:405-414. Bartels GL, Remme WJ, Holwerda KJ, Kruijssen DA. Rossignol, D. A. and Frye, R. E. Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Madeddu, C., Dessi, M., Panzone, F., Serpe, R., Antoni, G., Cau, M. C., Montaldo, L., Mela, Q., Mura, M., Astara, G., Tanca, F. M., Maccio, A., and Mantovani, G. Randomized phase III clinical trial of a combined treatment with carnitine + celecoxib +/- megestrol acetate for patients with cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2007;30(5):811. Int Psychoger 1998;10:193-203. Lancet 10-11-1980;2(8198):763-764. However, popular claims about supplements dont always match up with the science. Fathizadeh H, Milajerdi A, Reiner Z, Kolahdooz F, Asemi Z. 2010;54(1):37-44. However, the human body is extremely complex, and the results of both human and animal studies are mixed (24, 25, 26, 27). It is used for weight loss and may have an impact on brain function. Ma, S. J., Cai, W. W., and Sheng, J. J Perinatol. Derosa, G., Maffioli, P., Salvadeo, S. A., Ferrari, I., Gravina, A., Mereu, R., D'Angelo, A., Palumbo, I., Randazzo, S., and Cicero, A. F. Sibutramine and L-carnitine compared to sibutramine alone on insulin resistance in diabetic patients. Socha, P., Horvath, A., Vajro, P., Dziechciarz, P., Dhawan, A., and Szajewska, H. Pharmacological interventions for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adults and in children: a systematic review. Vicari E, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. A single-center prospective pilot study. View abstract. View abstract. AIDS 2004;18:1549-60. CNS.Drugs 2007;21 Suppl 1:25-30. Horvath, G. A., Davidson, A. G., Stockler-Ipsiroglu, S. G., Lillquist, Y. P., Waters, P. J., Olpin, S., Andresen, B. S., Palaty, J., Nelson, J., and Vallance, H. Newborn screening for MCAD deficiency: experience of the first three years in British Columbia, Canada. Arq Bras.Endocrinol.Metabol. Ovidius University Annals, Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health Series 2010;10(Suppl 2):504-507. Zhonghua Nan.Ke.Xue. Malaguarnera, M., Vacante, M., Giordano, M., Motta, M., Bertino, G., Pennisi, M., Neri, S., Malaguarnera, M., Li, Volti G., and Galvano, F. L-carnitine supplementation improves hematological pattern in patients affected by HCV treated with Peg interferon-alpha 2b plus ribavirin. View abstract. A cross-over study vs placebo. However, no studies have confirmed the benefits of carnitine supplements in these specific populations. Vecchiet L, Di Lisa F, Pieralisi G, et al. 2009;10(12):1875-1882. Am J Kidney Dis. Semeniuk, J., Shalansky, K. F., Taylor, N., Jastrzebski, J., and Cameron, E. C. Evaluation of the effect of intravenous l-carnitine on quality of life in chronic hemodialysis patients. Calabrese, V., Colombrita, C., Sultana, R., Scapagnini, G., Calvani, M., Butterfield, D. A., and Stella, A. M. Redox modulation of heat shock protein expression by acetylcarnitine in aging brain: relationship to antioxidant status and mitochondrial function. View abstract. A. As stated previously, foods high in sugar and saturated fat have been associated with poor sleep quality and sleep disturbances . View abstract. View abstract. Casciani, C. U., Caruso, U., Cravotto, E., D'Iddio, S., Corsi, M., Pola, P., Savi, L., and Grilli, M. L-carnitine in haemodialysed patients. Call your doctor at once if you have: Common side effects of L-Carnitine may include: This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. It can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, heartburn, diarrhea, and seizures. Kumar, R., Gautam, G., and Gupta, N. P. Drug therapy for idiopathic male infertility: rationale versus evidence. View abstract. J Nutr.Biochem. Feillet, F., Ogier, H., Cheillan, D., Aquaviva, C., Labarthe, F., Baruteau, J., Chabrol, B., de, Lonlay P., Valayanopoulos, V., Garnotel, R., Dobbelaere, D., Briand, G., Jeannesson, E., Vassault, A., and Vianey-Saban, C. [Medium-chain acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency: French consensus for neonatal screening, diagnosis, and management]. Schweiz.Med Wochenschr 9-12-1992;122(37):1352-1355. 2010;62(3):213-218. J Trop.Pediatr. View abstract. 2008;27(3):253-259. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. 10-21-2011;17(39):4414-4420. Ma, Y. Y., Song, J. Q., Wu, T. F., Liu, Y. P., Xiao, J. X., Jiang, Y. W., and Yang, Y. L. [Leucodystrophy induced by late onset 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria]. View abstract. View abstract. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1988;8(5):367-376. View abstract. . Iyer, R. N., Khan, A. View abstract. Pharmacokinetic comparisons of two acetyl-L-carnitine formulations in healthy Korean volunteers. L-carnitine is the standard biologically active form of carnitine, which is found in your body, foods and most supplements. Graziano F, Renato B, Catalano V, and et al. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1995;15:9-15. Intensive Care Med. Wadzinski, J., Franks, R., Roane, D., and Bayard, M. Valproate-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy. J Ren Nutr. J Am Med Assoc 1999;282:2305-12. View abstract. View abstract. Dig.Dis Sci 2006;51(12):2242-2247. L-carnitine is LIKELY SAFE when taken by mouth for up to 12 months, and when used as an injection, with the approval of a healthcare provider. December 1999. A pilot study on aging skeletal muscle mass and function. Carnitine metabolism in early stages of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In an eight-week study in 38 women who exercised four times per week, there was no difference in weight loss between those who took L-carnitine and those who didnt (24). Bijarnia, S., Wiley, V., Carpenter, K., Christodoulou, J., Ellaway, C. J., and Wilcken, B. Glutaric aciduria type I: outcome following detection by newborn screening. Ann.Hum.Genet. There are several effective supplements that can help you burn body fat. J Nephrol. . J Inherit.Metab Dis 2008;31 Suppl 2:S219-S222. Morano, S., Mandosi, E., Fallarino, M., Gatti, A., Tiberti, C., Sensi, M., Gandini, L., Buchetti, B., Lenti, L., Jannini, E. A., and Lenzi, A. Antioxidant treatment associated with sildenafil reduces monocyte activation and markers of endothelial damage in patients with diabetic erectile dysfunction: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Zhonghua Xin.Xue.Guan.Bing.Za Zhi. Reprod.Biomed.Online. However, studies support its use for health, brain function and disease prevention. View abstract. You'll also. L-carnitine may increase the risk of seizures in those with epilepsy. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Famularo, G., Moretti, S., Alesse, E., Trinchieri, V., Angelucci, A., Santini, G., Cifone, G., and De, Simone C. Reduction of glutamate levels in HIV-infected subjects treated with acetylcarnitine. Am J Mens Health 2021;15(2):15579883211011371. Weschler A, Aviram M, Levin M, Better OS, Brook JG "High dose of L-carnitine increases platelet aggregation and plasma triglyceride levels in uremic patients on hemodialysis." Clinical and biochemical effects. View abstract. View abstract. It can cause nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea when taken in high doses. Case report]. Mingrone G. Carnitine in type 2 diabetes. View abstract. Jones MG, Goodwin CS, Amjad S, Chalmers RA. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand. 2-8-2006;107(1):54-60. View abstract. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;34(12):2062-70. doi: 10.1111/jgh.14765. Pediatrics 2002;109(4):622-626. 2000;54(6):470-477. Jpn J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;20(3):607-618. View abstract. Muniyappa, R. Oral carnitine therapy and insulin resistance. Effect of l-carnitine supplementation on children and adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. HIV.Med. View abstract. J Assoc Physicians India 2000;48(11):1050-1052. These include: Gastrointestinal: diarrhea, vomiting, nausea. View abstract. Helms, R. A., Mauer, E. C., Hay, W. W., Jr., Christensen, M. L., and Storm, M. C. Effect of intravenous L-carnitine on growth parameters and fat metabolism during parenteral nutrition in neonates. Chan, Y. C., Tse, M. L., and Lau, F. L. Two cases of valproic acid poisoning treated with L-carnitine. Dragan, I. G., Vasiliu, A., Georgescu, E., and Eremia, N. Studies concerning chronic and acute effects of L-carnitina in elite athletes. 2012;11:CD008394. Holzhauer, P. Casuistry: medical nutrition intervention with specific micronutrient and exercise therapy in pancreatic cancer. For your body to produce it in sufficient amounts, you also need plenty of vitamin C (4). (1) On top of the limitations in positive studies, it has also shown to be completely useless. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. Arzneimittelforschung 1992;42:1101-4. La, Vignera S., Condorelli, R., Vicari, E., D'Agata, R., and Calogero, A. E. Endothelial antioxidant compound prolonged the endothelial antiapoptotic effects registered after tadalafil treatment in patients with arterial erectile dysfunction. Clin Mol Hepatol. Propionyl-L-carnitine is likely to be safe when used under medical supervision. Prog Retin Eye Res. DiMauro, S. and Hirano, M. Mitochondrial DNA Deletion Syndromes. Melegh, B., Kerner, J., Sandor, A., Vinceller, M., and Kispal, G. Effects of oral L-carnitine supplementation in low-birth-weight premature infants maintained on human milk. 2008;22(4):1130-1135. View abstract. B., Das, A. M., DeKlerk, J. A therapeutic alternative for hemodialysis patients. View abstract. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1996;73:434-9. L-carnitine supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients with cancer: an eastern cooperative oncology group phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Musso, G., Gambino, R., Cassader, M., and Pagano, G. A meta-analysis of randomized trials for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Is there a good explanation for this? For most people, 2 grams or less per day is relatively safe and free from any serious side effects. View abstract. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1997;109:146-53. View abstract. View abstract. The study in the European Heart Journal involved 113 healthy men and women to determine the effect of consuming red meat and white meat . However, on account of strict homeostatic regulation of plasma L-carnitine concentrations, higher doses of L-carnitine supplementation may not provide additional therapeutic benefits. View abstract. View abstract. In addition to the L-carnitine produced in your body, you can also obtain small amounts by eating animal products like meat or fish (5). View abstract. J Inherit.Metab Dis 1-7-2008; View abstract. Q. View abstract. Marconi C, Sassi G, Carpinelli A, Cerretelli P. Effects of L-carnitine loading on the aerobic and anaerobic performance of endurance athletes. van Dalen, E. C., Caron, H. N., Dickinson, H. O., and Kremer, L. C. Cardioprotective interventions for cancer patients receiving anthracyclines. Additionally, carnitine may worsen symptoms of hypothyroidism. Pastoris, O., Dossena, M., Foppa, P., Catapano, M., Arbustini, E., Bellini, O., Dal Bello, B., Minzioni, G., Ceriana, P., and Barzaghi, N. Effect of L-carnitine on myocardial metabolism: results of a balanced, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in patients undergoing open heart surgery. View abstract. View abstract. Although dosage varies from study to study, here is an overview of the use and dose for each form: Up to 2,000 mg (2 grams) per day seems safe and effective in the long term. Onofrj M, Fulgente T, Melchionda D, et al. "So there's a link . 1999;2(2):65-73. View abstract. Davini P, Bigalli A, Lamanna F, Boem A. 7 Best Creatine Supplements for Women in 2023: A Dietitians Picks. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:1143-4. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This differs from supplements like caffeine or creatine, which can directly enhance sports performance. Cellular stress responses, mitostress and carnitine insufficiencies as critical determinants in aging and neurodegenerative disorders: role of hormesis and vitagenes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc.Metab 2000;10(2):199-207. Version: 1.03. Oncologist. AIDS Res.Hum.Retroviruses 2010;26(11):1207-1214. View abstract. [Reduction of hospitalization thanks to L-carnitine in hemodialyzed patients]. Curr Ther Res 1980;27(2):208-216. View abstract. Pulmonary hypertension in beta-thalassemia major and the role of L-carnitine therapy. View abstract. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019;29(11):1151-67. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.07.012. Bonavita, E. Study of the efficacy and tolerability of L-acetylcarnitine therapy in the senile brain. I take it with other vitamins for the Krebs cycle, and not really for chelating. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1990;61:486-90. Dalakas MC, Leon-Monzon ME, Bernardini I, et al. Cavallini G, Caracciolo S, Vitali G, et al. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. J Inherit.Metab Dis. 2006;29(2):100-107. II. View abstract. View abstract. Prevention of hepatotoxicity recurrence with valproate monotherapy and carnitine. View abstract. 2006;12(5):261-262. Roure, R., Oddos, T., Rossi, A., Vial, F., and Bertin, C. Evaluation of the efficacy of a topical cosmetic slimming product combining tetrahydroxypropyl ethylenediamine, caffeine, carnitine, forskolin and retinol, In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies. The early effects of intravenous L-propionyl carnitine on ulcerative trophic lesions of the lower limbs in arteriopathic patients: a controlled randomized study. Hepatology 1997;25:148-53. Andrologia. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011;31(9):653-659. Giammusso B, Morgia G, Spampinato A, and et al. View abstract. Neurol 2000;55:805-10. Kidney Int 1990;38(5):904-911. View abstract. Written by Cerner Multum. Sum CF, Winocour PH, Agius L, and et al. Salvioli G, Neri M. L-acetylcarnitine treatment of mental decline in the elderly. Khajeh B, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Nasiri-Toosi M, Mohammadi K, Jafari A. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2007;30(3):341-349. Will We Ever See an End to Alzheimers? 11-15-2008;102(10):1413-1417. View abstract. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. View abstract. Obstet.Gynecol. Int.J Cancer 9-15-2008;123(6):1227-1239. View abstract. View abstract. Acta Cardiol. Alternative medical interventions used in the treatment and management of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. View abstract. J Int.Soc.Sports Nutr. View abstract. Spasov, A. Beneficial effects of L-carnitine in post dialysis syndrome. [Chronic fatigue syndrome and neurotransmitters]. Clin Neuropharmacol. Vermeulen RC, Scholte HR. Latifian S, Hamdi K, Totakneh R. Effect of addition of l-carnitine in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with clomiphene citrate and gonadotropin resistant. Neurological: headaches, dizziness. 2010;20(11):693-700. The dose of your warfarin might need to be changed. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1988;26:217-20.
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