Stopping sight distanceThe distance required by a driver traveling at a . Permanent curbingPlain or reinforced cement concrete curb which meets Department standards. Purpose . The minimum acceptable sight distance values shall be computed from the following formula: SSSD = Minimum safe stopping sight distance (feet). Angle of access driveway approach shall include the following: (1)Access driveway approaches used for two-way operation shall be positioned at right angles, that is, 90 degrees, to the highway or as near thereto as site conditions permit, except as authorized in Figure 11. The provisions of this 441.8 amended November 27, 1981, effective October 17, 1981, 11 Pa. B. (3)Governmental authorities organized under the laws of this Commonwealth. (3)The side slopes for driveway embankments within the right-of-way shall not be steeper than ten to one. (3)Requests for removal of a median divisor will not be granted without the approval of the director. General requirements shall be as follows: (1)The ability of a driveway to safely and efficiently function as an integral component of a highway system requires that its design and construction be based on the amount and type of traffic that it is expected to serve and the type and character of roadway which it accesses. (2)The distance from the edge of pavement of the intersecting highway to the radius of the first permitted driveway shall be a minimum of 20 feet on curbed highways and 30 feet on uncurbed highways. (5)Grade requirements where curbs and sidewalks are present. The permittee shall fully indemnify and save harmless and defend the Commonwealth, its agents and employes, of and from all liability for damages or injury occurring to any person or persons or property through or in consequence of any act or omission of any contractor, agent, servant, employe, or person engaged or employed in, about, or upon the work, by, at the instance, or with the approval or consent of the permittee; from any failure of the permittee or any such person to comply with the permit or this chapter; and, for a period of two years after completion of the permitted work, from the failure of the highway in the immediate area of the work performed under the permit where there is no similar failure of the highway beyond the area adjacent to the area of the permitted work. (vii)Disputes between the permittee and the Department shall be governed by the appropriate provisions in Form 408. The provisions of this 441.8 amended November 27, 1981, effective October 17, 1981, 11 Pa. B. (d)Property line clearance. PennDOT LTAP technical INFORMATION SHEET#137 REVIS ED SUMMER/2014 400 North Street, 6th Floor . Auxiliary lanes shall consist of the following: (1)Acceleration and deceleration lanes. (n)Shoulder upgrading. (2)The distance from the edge of pavement of the intersecting highway to the radius of the first permitted driveway shall be a minimum of 20 feet on curbed highways and 30 feet on uncurbed highways. (3)Figures 7, 8, and 9 show two sets of design values. (k)Authority to reject application. The longitudinal slope of the sidewalk shall not exceed two inches per foot. (6)Shall contain proof that the applicant is an owner. PennDOT has responsibilities to accommodate both HOP Applicants/Permittees and the traveling public. An access intended to serve more than three properties or to act as a connecting link between two or more roadways shall be, for the purpose of this chapter, considered a local road and not a driveway regardless of its ownership. The townships requirement that the landowner establish access other than that approved by the Department was affirmed. Prohibited use of the highway shall be as follows: (i)No part of the right-of-way shall be used for servicing vehicles, displays or conducting business. Table 5Safe Sight Distance for passenger cars and single unit trucks entering driveways by left turns. (e)Refunds. Drainage pipe installed under driveways shall be at least 15 inches in diameter. (3)Applications for driveways providing access to drive-in-service developments shall, when requested, include information relative to the amount of storage provided between the service facility and the right-of-way, the number of service operations anticipated during peak periods, and the hours and days of operation. (i)Permanent permit microfilm record. The provisions of this 441.1 amended September 2, 2011, effective September 3, 2011, 41 Pa.B. 1 Measured from the point where a left-turning vehicle stops to a vehicle in the outside lane. (i)The permittee shall provide and maintain all necessary precautions to prevent injury or damage to persons and property in accordance with instructions furnished by the district office. Requirements for curbing shall conform with the following: (1)The permit may require the installation of curbing wherever it is required to control access or drainage, or both. 2 Measured from a vehicle ten feet back of the pavement edge to a vehicle approaching in the median lane. Where the existing shoulder on either side of a proposed low, medium, or high volume driveway is not adequate to allow its use by turning vehicles, the permittee shall upgrade the shoulder area for a minimum of 100 feet on either side of the driveway. (ii)a reference to a standard drawing found in Publication 43 or Publication 90, provided the referenced standard drawing properly depicts the work area and completely addresses the needed traffic control. (o)Traffic control devices. DepartmentThe Department of Transportation of the Commonwealth. (ii)In the event of failure or neglect by the permittee to perform and comply with the permit or the provisions of this chapter, the Department may immediately revoke and annul the permit and order and direct the permittee to remove any or all structures, equipment, or property belonging to the permittee or its contractors from the legal limits of the right-of-way and to restore the right-of-way to its former condition. (5)Shall be submitted to the Department at least 30 days prior to the anticipated start of work. Permit applications shall be submitted prior to the construction of any building which the proposed driveway will serve to assure that the driveway can be constructed in accordance with this chapter. Thus, the State would have no liability for plaintiffs injuries caused by a fall in a pothole on the crosswalk of the lane. The available corner sight distance on side roads is less than the necessary stopping sight-distance values . Manual entry; right side distance in feet at which an approaching vehicle can be seen from driveway (See Pub. 67 Pa. Code 441.7 - General driveway requirements; 67 Pa. Code 441.7 - General driveway requirements . (5)The fines, imprisonment or other penalties as are provided by law. (4)Permittee responsibilities. (D)When the road descends at greater than 5.0%, sight distance may be reduced by a factor of 0.5. HighwayA highway or bridge on the system of State highways and bridges, including the entire width between right-of-way lines, over which the Department has assumed or has been legislatively given jurisdiction. (d)Property line clearance. (iii)The permit shall be maintained by the permittee as a permanent record and remain in effect, subject to the permit conditions and this chapter, as long as the driveway or the facility authorized by the permit exists. (iii)Driveway grades or profile view of drive. (4)The driveway will not create an area of undue traffic congestion on the highway. (d)Local roads. Auxiliary lanes shall consist of the following: (1)Acceleration and deceleration lanes. (D) When the road descends at greater than 5.0%, sight distance may be reduced by a factor of 0.5. (B)Location of traffic signal heads, poles, controller, and detectors. All curbing must be permanent curbing, as defined in 441.1 of this title (relating to definitions). (2)Where the access driveway approach and highway pavement meet, flaring of the approach may be necessary to allow safe, easy turning of vehicular traffic. c. 4624. If the Department determines that the permitted work is of sufficient magnitude or importance to warrant assignment of one or more employes to inspect the permitted work on a more than spot inspection basis, the permit will so indicate and the permittee shall be charged for all salary, overhead, and expenses incurred by the Department for inspection. The Department will examine and determine the genuineness, regularity, and legality of every application, and may reject any application if not satisfied of its genuineness, regularity or legality, or the truth of any statement contained in the application. The term includes special mobile equipment as defined in the Vehicle Code. The permit will be the authority of the applicant to proceed with the work and will also serve as a receipt for the fees accompanying the application. 4772; amended August 3, 2018, effective August 4, 2018, 48 Pa.B. Please be as descriptive as possible on the details screen so we can share your feedback with the appropriate personnel. The location of the pullover area should be based on reasonable sight distance. Where the width of the highway right-of-way is insufficient to permit the construction of a needed auxiliary lane, the permittee shall provide any necessary additional right-of-way. (2)In the case of a temporary access for extracting natural resources for a period of no more than one year, any design requirement set forth in this chapter which cannot be met may be waived by the district engineer, provided conditions (i), (ii), (iii), and (v) of paragraph (1) of this subsection are satisfied. (4)The area between the right-of-way line adjacent to and on both sides of a driveway shall be used as a clear zone to provide a physical barrier between the traveled way and activity on private property. Except for joint-use driveways, no portion of any access shall be located outside of the property frontage boundary line. A description of each classification and typical examples of land uses normally associated with each follows: (i)Minimum use driveway, see Figure 7. MedianAny structure or area which separates the paved traveled ways for opposing directions of traffic. (i)The permittee shall be responsible for causing compliance with all terms and conditions of the permit by its employes, agents, and contractors. (2)A left turn standby lane shall be installed to separate and protect left turning vehicles whenever a median opening is permitted. Stabilized materialAny aggregate such as aggregate cement, aggregate bituminous or lime pozzyolan, placed in such a manner as to provide a smooth, stable, all-weather surface not subject to undue raveling. A traffic control plan shall be submitted to and approved by the district office before closing any portion of a lane to vehicular traffic. SetbackThe lateral distance between the right-of-way line and the roadside building, liquid fuel pump island, display stand, or other object, which will result in space for vehicles to stop or park between such objects and the right-of-way line. Access driveways shall be appropriately surfaced with a stabilized material between the traveled way and the right-of-way line unless a higher type material is specified by the permit. B. (2)Issuance of a permit shall be conditioned upon the Departments approval of the drainage control plan. All drainage releases shall be notarized and recorded, by and at the expense of the applicant, in the County Office of the Recorder of Deeds. (1)A refund processing fee of $10 shall be deducted from the general permit inspection fees. The provisions of this Chapter 441 adopted March 28, 1980, effective April 1, 1980, 10 Pa. B. Form 408The latest revision of highway construction specifications issued by the Department. (iv)Responsibility for compliance with the terms of the permit cannot be assigned or transferred by the permittee without first obtaining approval from the Department after submitting Form M-948, Assignment of Permit or License. (v)Building and business appurtenances on the site. stopping sight distances should be used. Dimensions shall be selected from the range of values shown on the appropriate figure, unless site conditions warrant a deviation. (2)The design features described in this section and illustrated in the attendant figures are to be used by the applicant in designing the driveway plans which accompany the application. (v)Dimensions of traffic islands adjacent to the highway and within the development that separate traffic flow from or onto the highway. 1 Measured from a vehicle ten feet back of the pavement edge. (5)Lane in front of another property. (C) When the highway grade in the section to be used for acceleration after leaving the driveway descends at 3.0-5.0%, sight distance in the direction of approaching descending highway traffic may be reduced by a factor of 0.6. DRIVEWAY SIGHT DISTANCE (aka Clear sight distance) The minimum distance that a driver of a vehicle, situated at eye level, 3.5 See Figure 3. 1 Measured from a vehicle ten feet back of the pavement edge to a vehicle approaching in the outside lane. If the permittee fails to restore the improved area properly, the Department will have the authority to do the work at the expense of the permittee. (3)The traffic control plan shall be either: (i)A detailed drawing, showing all traffic control devices. (iv)Driveway angle relative to the highway. (9)Traffic protection and maintenance. General requirements shall be as follows: (1)The ability of a driveway to safely and efficiently function as an integral component of a highway system requires that its design and construction be based on the amount and type of traffic that it is expected to serve and the type and character of roadway which it accesses. Driveway sight distance measurements are also identified as optional for the applicant, because they will be verified or completed by Department personnel. This section cited in 67 Pa. Code 441.6 (relating to general conditions). For sidewalks narrower than five feet, the curb will be sloped and the back edge of the sidewalk will be depressed (maximum 1 1/2 inches) to maintain an 8.0% maximum grade on the driveway. (3)an access covenant (Form CC-14) is executed with the permit as specified in paragraph (16) of 441.6 of this title (relating to general conditions). It shall be extended around the driveway radii to the right-of-way line. (vii)Location of all required traffic control devices. (iii)Medium volume driveway, see Figures 9, 11, and 12. (B)apartments with five units or less. (3)If sight distance requirements as specified in this chapter cannot be met, the Department may: (i)prohibit left turns by exiting vehicles; (ii)restrict turning movements to right turns in and out of a driveway; (iii)require installation of a right turn acceleration lane or deceleration lane; (iv)require installation of a separate left turn standby lane; (v)alter the horizontal or vertical geometry of the roadway; or. 441.2. As such, its design must be in accordance with the Departments current standards governing the design of local roads. No driveway, local road or drainage facility or structure shall be constructed or altered within State highway right-of-way and no drainage facility of the Department may be altered or connected onto without first obtaining a permit from the Department. (i)Grade of access driveway. (ii)Posted speeds shall be used unless operating speeds vary from the posted speed by more than ten miles per hour, in which case the Department may require that operating speeds be used. This chapter separates driveways into four classifications, based on the amount of traffic they are expected to serve. The principal liability of the permittee to the Department shall not preclude the permittee or the Department from bringing any action against the permittees contractor, subcontractor, engineer, architect, or any other person. f = Wet friction of pavement (average = 0.30). Prior to revocation of a permit except for nonpayment as specified in paragraph (2), the applicant shall be given an opportunity for a hearing in accordance with 2 Pa.C.S. It shall be extended around the driveway radii to the right-of-way line. (C)If the sidewalk cross slope would exceed 6.0%, as indicated in clause (B) of this subparagraph, depress the entire sidewalk. The driveway pavement shall be at least four inches thick within the right-of-way. Sight distance values less than desirable will be accepted only if it is impossible to achieve the desirable value by locating the driveway at any point within the property frontage boundaries. (3)Work to conform to Department standards. (d)Permits not issued for certain highways. All curbing must be permanent curbing, as defined in 441.1 of this title (relating to definitions). 67 Pa. Code 441.8. Spacing may be a concern if it could affect ISD as shown below. However, the Department may authorize bus stop shelters or phone booths by written agreement. Issuance of a permit under these regulations does not relieve the permittee from any additional responsibility to secure other Federal, State, or local approvals or permits as may be required by law. (n)Shoulder upgrading. (3)Paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection may be waived only if the intersecting highway radius extends along the property frontage to the extent that compliance is physically impossible. (4)Cost. 2005); apeal denied 903 A.2d 539 (Pa. 2006). The permit shall be binding upon the permittee, its agents, contractors, successors, and assigns. Although driveway opening on to State highway was established prior to promulgation of these regulations, this regulation could be applied retroactively to reasonably limit ingress and egress since property is held subject to valid police power regulations made, and to be made, for the health and comfort of the people. Department of Transportation v. Longo, 510 A.2d 832 (Pa. Cmwlth. Stopping sight distance is influenced by both vertical and horizontal alignment. (iv)If there is a failure of the highway, including slope or any other appurtenance thereto, in the area adjacent to the immediate area of the permitted work, which occurs more than 2 years after the completion of the permitted work, the permittee shall be responsible to make all temporary and permanent restoration if the permitted work was the proximate cause of the failure. This section cited in 67 Pa. Code 441.6 (relating to general conditions). Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (359915) to (359916), (216111) to (216112) and (358425). (c)Permits not issued for certain structures. SEG. This section cited in 67 Pa. Code 441.3 (relating to permit application procedure); and 67 Pa. Code 441.10 (relating to penalties and enforcement). The permittee shall, when requested by the Department, submit to the district office a certificate or certificates of insurance for public liability and property damage, in form and amount satisfactory to the Department, to cover any loss that may be incurred for or on account of any matter, cause, or thing arising out of the permitted construction. Joint-use drivewayA driveway shared by and constructed to provide access to two or three properties. (2)Left turn stand-by lanes. All driveways and adjacent areas within the highway right-of-way shall be continuously maintained by the property owner so as to conform to the permit and so as not to interfere or be inconsistent with the design, maintenance, and drainage of the highway, or the safe and convenient passage of traffic upon the highway. SecretaryThe Secretary of the Department. Table 6Safe Sight Distance for buses and combinations entering driveways by left turns. Stopping sight distance The distance required by a driver traveling at a given speed to stop the vehicle after an object on the roadway becomes visible to the driver. 4159. Exceptions will be considered only if the enforcement of this subsection would result in the prohibition of reasonable access from the adjacent property to the highway system. IngressThe entrance of vehicular traffic to abutting properties from a highway. Approval by the Departments inspector of all or part of any permitted work shall not constitute acknowledgment that the work was performed in accordance with the permit, nor shall such approval of the inspector act as a release of the permittee or waiver by the Department of its right to seek performance or restitution by the permittee. (d)When to submit applications. 670-420). (2)The permit issuance fee shall not be refundable on unused permits. The applicant shall design his driveway using the values appropriate for the posted speed of the roadway being accessed. Publication 90A Department publication containing requirements for work area traffic control during highway maintenance operations and utility work. a left turn into a driveway. 312). Upon application duly made, in accordance with this chapter, a permit will be issued by the appropriate district office, subject to this chapter and the conditions contained on the permit and its attachments and supplements. The Pennsylvania Code website reflects the Pennsylvania Code changes effective through 52 Pa.B. ShoulderThe portion of the roadway, contiguous to the traffic lanes, for accommodation of stopped vehicles, for emergency use, and for lateral support of base and surface courses and pavements. 1 Measured from a vehicle ten feet back of the pavement edge to a vehicle approaching in the outside lane. PersonAn individual, business entity, association, political subdivision, authority, Federal or Commonwealth agency, or other entity recognized by law. (3)Details of internal traffic circulation, parking, and traffic signs. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (62045) and (62046). (iii)an equitable interest in property under a sales agreement or an option to purchase; provided that the estate or other legal or equitable interest in property includes the use requested in the permit. Permits will not be issued to contractors of the property owner nor to any person other than the owner of the property. Recommenda ons Review each situation to determine the impact on the environment of altering roadway grades to meet specific standards. 670-420). PennDOT Recommended use of AASHTO standards. (2)Left turn stand-by lanes. (2)If the property frontage exceeds 600 feet, the permit may authorize an additional driveway. (5)Charitable organizations which are exempt from or in compliance with act of August 9, 1963, P. L. 628, No. CommonwealthThe Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Intermediate islandThe section of right-of-way between driveways from the pavement edge or curb to the property line. (B)When the highway grade ascends at greater than 5.0%, sight distance may be increased by a factor of 1.7. S.R. If sight distance requirements as specified in this Part cannot be met, the Township may: (m)Newspaper or mail receptacles. (a)General rule. This area shall remain free of any obstructions which may interfere with a clear line of vision for entering or exiting vehicles. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. (B)If the driveway grade would exceed 8.0%, depress the outer edge of the sidewalk and maintain a maximum sidewalk cross slope of 6.0%. (C)If the sidewalk cross slope would exceed 6.0%, as indicated in clause (B) of this subparagraph, depress the entire sidewalk. County officeAny of the various maintenance district offices of the Department. (14)Insurance. (3)Additional right-of-way for lanes. (i)Plans for other than minimum use driveways. Permits will be issued only to the owners of the property. Requirements for traffic control devices shall be as follows: (1)Nonelectrically powered devices. "Intersection Sight Distance" in Chapter 9 of the 2004 AASHTO Green Book. Permit applications shall be submitted to either the district or county office having jurisdiction over the county in which the proposed work will be performed. (ii)Low volume driveway, see Figure 8. (a)General rule. Electrically powered devices shall consist of the following: (i)When power operated devices, including traffic signals, are required for proper traffic control, a traffic signal permit (Form TE 964) shall be obtained in addition to the occupancy permit. (B)apartments with five units or less. 4.0 Spacing Follow the guidance in The fact that the Department of Transportation issued a highway occupancy permit for direct access does not preempt the townships ability to abide by its duly enacted ordinance, which contains safety standards stricter than the Departments. Learn more 67 Pa. Code 441.8. Grade of access driveway shall be constructed in the following manner: (1)All driveways shall be constructed so as not to impair drainage within the right-of-way, alter the stability of the improved area, or change the drainage of adjacent areas.
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