A. Statistics and Probability questions and answers, state whether the data is continous or discrete The durations of You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. If there is a repeat press ENTER again. Two graphs that are used to display qualitative data are pie charts and bar graphs. Each undergraduate student in the fall semester has the same probability of being chosen at any stage of the sampling process. It is further classified as discrete data and continuous data. Causality: A relationship between two variables does not mean that one causes the other to occur. The prison populations of different countries ha Choose the correct answer below. Determine whether the data described below are qualitative or quantitative and explain why: . . There are many different potential problems that can affect the reliability of a sample. The other examples of qualitative data are : Difference between Nominal and Ordinal Data, Difference between Discrete and Continuous Data, 22 Top Data Science Books Learn Data Science Like an Expert, PGP In Data Science and Business Analytics, PGP In Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning, Nominal data cant be quantified, neither they have any intrinsic ordering, Ordinal data gives some kind of sequential order by their position on the scale, Nominal data is qualitative data or categorical data, Ordinal data is said to be in-between qualitative data and quantitative data, They dont provide any quantitative value, neither can we perform any arithmetical operation, They provide sequence and can assign numbers to ordinal data but cannot perform the arithmetical operation, Nominal data cannot be used to compare with one another, Ordinal data can help to compare one item with another by ranking or ordering, Discrete data are countable and finite; they are whole numbers or integers, Continuous data are measurable; they are in the form of fractions or decimal, Discrete data are represented mainly by bar graphs, Continuous data are represented in the form of a histogram, The values cannot be divided into subdivisions into smaller pieces, The values can be divided into subdivisions into smaller pieces, Discrete data have spaces between the values, Continuous data are in the form of a continuous sequence, Opinion on something (agree, disagree, or neutral), Colour of hair (Blonde, red, Brown, Black, etc. First, we use convenience sampling and survey ten students from a first term organic chemistry class. It includes only those values which are separate and can only be counted in, , which means that the data can not be split into, Continuous data is the data that can be of any value. A high school educational researcher interviews 50 high school female teachers and 50 high school male teachers. c. Record the three quiz scores in column one that correspond to these three numbers. You must choose 400 names for the sample. It is from a continuousdata set because 218+ Consultants 4.7 Satisfaction rate Read the study carefully to evaluate the work. Now, suppose we take a third sample. 8. This is important to know when we think about what the data are telling us. Legal. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. The circumferences (in inches) of people's heads Choose the correct answer below. the type of car you drive. The data are the number of machines in a gym. You'll find career guides, tech tutorials and industry news to keep yourself updated with the fast-changing world of tech and business. That is, a member of the population may be chosen only once. c . Since this is the case, sampling without replacement is approximately the same as sampling with replacement because the chance of picking the same individual more than once with replacement is very low. OC. The road from A to E and the road from C and D are perpendicular and intersect at point F. Theresa's house is at C, 500 feet from the intersection. Qualitative or Categorical Data is data that cant be measured or counted in the form of numbers. Step 2: Discrete and continuous data. Can I get some help? Your IP: True random sampling is done with replacement. Measurements of the amount of beverage in a 16-ounce can may vary because different people make the measurements or because the exact amount, 16 ounces of liquid, was not put into the cans. Systematic sampling is frequently chosen because it is a simple method. For example, a computer software store conducts a marketing study by interviewing potential customers who happen to be in the store browsing through the available software. The data are continuous because the data can only take on specific values. Determine whether the value is from a discrete or continuous It is from a discrete data set because the number of possible values is infinite and countable. Probably not. The exact lengths (in kilometers) of the ocean coastlines of different countries. The quiz scores (20 of them) in these 2 columns are the cluster sample. The random numbers 0.94360 and 0.99832 do not contain appropriate two digit numbers. Discrete data is data that can only take certain values, while data that can take any value is continuous data. These 18 quiz scores are a stratified sample. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Making a schedule/timetable or studying together with your peers may help you in focusing and keep you active. Each student in the following samples is asked how much tuition he or she paid for the Fall semester. B. Doreen's sample will be different from Jung's sample. The areas of the lawns are 144 sq. The sample probably doesnt represent the entire fan base and is probably biased towards people who would prefer music. The chart in Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\) is organized by the size of each wedge, which makes it a more visually informative graph than the unsorted, alphabetical graph in Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\). Hint: Data that are discrete often start with the words "the number of.". The numbers of books (three, four, two, and one) are the quantitative discrete data. By using simple random sampling, select states to be part of the cluster. Variation is present in any set of data. feet, 160 sq. A pie chart cannot be used. Other well-known random sampling methods are the stratified sample, the cluster sample, and the systematic sample. Question: CS State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. It is countable. The height of a student from age 5-15 is continuous data because the height varies continuously from age 5-15 which is not a constant for 10 years. It is also important to know what kind of plot is suitable for which data category; it helps in data analysis and visualization. For accuracy, carry the decimal answers to four decimal places. QUESTIONState whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. Quantitative data are always numbers. When a sampling bias happens, there can be incorrect conclusions drawn about the population that is being studied. Suppose Doreen and Jung both decide to study the average amount of time students at their college sleep each night. Quantitative data are the result of counting or measuring attributes of a population. Even if Doreen and Jung used the same sampling method, in all likelihood their samples would be different. Two positions of an open gate are shown. Grouped distribution of continuous data tabulation frequencies is performed against a value group. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. Learn data analytics or software development & get guaranteed* placement opportunities. Compare the fractions 999/10,000 and 999/9,999. One student has a red backpack, two students have black backpacks, one student has a green backpack, and one student has a gray backpack. These kinds of data can be considered in-between qualitative and quantitative data. Step One: Master the Foundational Knowledge. the chance of picking the first person is 1,000 out of 10,000 (0.1000); the chance of picking a different second person for this sample is 999 out of 10,000 (0.0999); the chance of picking the same person again is 1 out of 10,000 (very low). The data are the weights of backpacks with books in them. Data is classified into 4 types. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why The speeds of the different people walking in a park Choose the correct answer below. A more technological way is for Lisa to first list the last names of the members of her class together with a two-digit number, as in Table \(\PageIndex{2}\): Lisa can use a table of random numbers (found in many statistics books and mathematical handbooks), a calculator, or a computer to generate random numbers. Many of these students are taking first term calculus in addition to the organic chemistry class. 1: 23-54 (2012), ssh.dukejournals.org/content/36/1/23.abstract (accessed May 1, 2013). Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. B. State whether each situation is categorical or quantitative. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Most samples are taken from large populations and the sample tends to be small in comparison to the population. Discrete data. The triangles show the position of the gate in relation to its closed position. The exact lengths (in kilometers) of the ocean coastlines of different countries is a continuous variable because it can take on any value in an interval. Lisa reads two-digit groups until she has chosen three class members (that is, she reads 0.94360 as the groups 94, 43, 36, 60). Keep counting ten quiz scores and recording the quiz score until you have a sample of 12 quiz scores. Small letters like \(x\) or \(y\) generally are used to represent data values. For example, in the case of statistics, algebra is a good option to learn before starting your statistics course. Doreen and Jung each take samples of 500 students. on any value in an interval . Our choice also depends on what we are using the data for. However, in the real world age is often treated as a discrete variable because it makes more sense when collecting data and when reporting the results of a study. Doreen uses systematic sampling and Jung uses cluster sampling. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. feet, 180 sq. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. Number of bacteria in a petri dish is 12,120. In some situations, having small samples is unavoidable and can still be used to draw conclusions. A discrete variable, on the other hand, can only take on specific values. For example, 16-ounce cans of beverage may contain more or less than 16 ounces of liquid. The Literary Digest Poll, Virtual Laboratories in Probability and Statistics, Gallup Presidential Election Trial-Heat Trends, 19362008, Gallup Politics. You measure continuous data. Continuous data. Amount of money, pulse rate, weight, number of people living in your town, and number of students who take statistics are examples of quantitative data. The bar graph is used to graphically represent discrete data. To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. I want to study the topic of Statistics for my college-level exams? Therefore this is discrete data. Over time, some continuous data can change. 5 (2006). Which experiment had the correct results? The examples you have seen in this book so far have been small. The second sample is taken using a list of senior citizens who take P.E. Using a calculator, random numbers are generated and a student from a particular discipline is selected if he or she has a corresponding number. . Data that can take a decimal value and can vary across a range is called . The amount of money they spend on books is probably much less than the average parttime student. The data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an interval. Divide 84 a money box contains 1 coins, 2 coins, 5 coins and 10 coins 10 coins is four times the number of 1 coins. It is not possible to measure qualitative data in terms of. You sample five students. Books for these classes tend to be expensive. The three cans of soup, two packages of nuts, four kinds of vegetables and two desserts are quantitative discrete data because you count them. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. If quantitative, state whether it's discrete or continuous. To find out the most popular cereal among young people under the age of ten, stand outside a large supermarket for three hours and speak to every twentieth child under age ten who enters the supermarket. Suppose ABC College has 10,000 part-time students (the population). B.The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. Press ENTER 2 more times (even the repeats). Common problems to be aware of include. feet, 190 sq. All you can do right now is to just take a deep breath and believe in yourself! Whether you are a data scientist, marketer, businessman, data analyst, researcher, or you are in any other profession, you need to play or experiment with raw or structured data. For example, if the population is 25 people, the sample is ten, and you are sampling with replacement for any particular sample, then the chance of picking the first person is ten out of 25, and the chance of picking a different second person is nine out of 25 (you replace the first person). If she needed to, Lisa could have generated more random numbers. ), Marital status (Single, Widowed, Married), When companies ask for feedback, experience, or satisfaction on a scale of 1 to 10, Letter grades in the exam (A, B, C, D, etc. Your email address will not be published. a chemical reaction comma repeated several times Choose the correct The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. Therefore this is discrete data. O A. Compared to nominal data, ordinal data have some kind of order that is not present in nominal data. You should ask the doubt there and then clear it, analyze it and work on it. The data are continuous because the data can take Can we have both discrete data and continuous data from the same experiment? A. Your instructor will give each group one six-sided die. The freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior years are numbered one, two, three, and four, respectively. The discrete data contain the values that fall under integers or whole numbers. The students spend the following amounts: $180; $50; $150; $85; $260; $75; $180; $200; $200; $150. Ordinal data is qualitative data for which their values have some kind of relative position. B. The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. A medical researcher interviews every third cancer patient from a list of cancer patients at a local hospital. The volumes left parenthesis in cubic feet right parenthesis of different rooms Choose the correct answer below. What type of data is this? The numbers of hotels in cities Choose the correct answer below. A type of sampling that is non-random is convenience sampling. Discrete data: When numerical data has values that are countable and specific to a particular category, it is called discrete data. Zanas house is at A, 500 feet from the intersection, and Tan's house is at B, 750 feet from F. Which distance is longer, the distance from Zana's house to Tan's house or the distance from Theresa's house to Is house? Self-selected samples: Responses only by people who choose to respond, such as call-in surveys, are often unreliable. Numeric variables represent characteristics that you can express as numbers rather than descriptive language. The data are the areas of lawns in square feet. The table displays Ethnicity of Students but is missing the "Other/Unknown" category. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2992ec2e151da5 Those 100 students are the sample. Suppose we take two different samples. Gathering information about an entire population often costs too much or is virtually impossible. Otherwise, the variable is nominal. Those numbers picked from the first department, picked from the second department, and so on represent the members who make up the stratified sample. B. It is not possible to measure qualitative data in terms of numbers and it is subdivided into nominal and ordinal data. Students often ask if it is "good enough" to take a sample, instead of surveying the entire population. Solution: - Data : The capacities of different hotels. Note: randInt(0, 30, 3) will generate 3 random numbers. The numbers of programs installed on various computers ANSWERA.) A random number generator is used to select a student from the alphabetical listing of all undergraduate students in the Fall semester. Different types of data are used in research, analysis, statistical analysis, data visualization, and data science. A local radio station has a fan base of 20,000 listeners. To find the average GPA of all students in a university, use all honor students at the university as the sample. Then survey every U.S. congressman in the cluster. A student interviews classmates in his algebra class to determine how many pairs of jeans a student owns, on the average. Create a cluster sample by picking two of the columns. Sometimes percentages add up to be more than 100% (or less than 100%). discrete because the data can only. The name nominal comes from the Latin name nomen, which means name. With the help of nominal data, we cant do any numerical tasks or cant give any order to sort the data. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific . Ra It can be the version of an android phone, the height of a person, the length of an object, etc. Do you think that either of these samples is representative of (or is characteristic of) the entire 10,000 part-time student population? The two numbers are for two of the columns. b. You cannot expect your brain to work nicely with hundreds of thoughts, it will only create a mess. The data are continuous because This table displays six sets of quiz scores (each quiz counts 10 points) for an elementary statistics class. O C. The data are continuous because the data can. Data that takes distinct values and cannot be in decimals is called discrete data. In polling, samples that are from 1,200 to 1,500 observations are considered large enough and good enough if the survey is random and is well done. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. The use of discrete and continuous quantitative variables would be helpful for detecting intervention effects . Random sampling methods include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling. Problems with samples: A sample must be representative of the population. Instead, we use a sample of the population. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. B. according to measurement accuracy, it can be significantly subdivided into smaller sections. Notice how much larger the percentage for part-time students at Foothill College is compared to De Anza College. Confounding: When the effects of multiple factors on a response cannot be separated. answer below. Working with data requires good data science skills and a deep understanding of different types of data and how to work with them. Notice that the frequencies do not add up to the total number of students. Also, the sample represents only those who showed up to the event earlier than the majority. a. stratified; b. cluster; c. stratified; d. systematic; e. simple random; f.convenience. The station wants to know if its audience would prefer more music or more talk shows. It is classified into two broad categories: qualitative data and quantitative data. It is not possible to measure qualitative data in terms of numbers and it is subdivided into nominal and ordinal data. Dominic Lusinchi, President Landon and the 1936 Literary Digest Poll: Were Automobile and Telephone Owners to Blame? Social Science History 36, no. In this situation, create a bar graph and not a pie chart. interval. the number of data values is increased), their sample results (the average amount of time a student sleeps) might be closer to the actual population average. discrete because the data can only take on specific values .
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