If checked, quotes will be output as straight quotes. endstream endobj 29 0 obj <> endobj 30 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[603 407.25 648 420.75]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>><>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[270.75 387.75 315.75 401.25]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>><>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[281.25 368.25 318.75 381.75]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>>]/Contents[34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R]/CropBox[0 0 792 612]/MediaBox[0 0 792 612]/Parent 26 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSets[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 31 0 obj <>stream RULE: Use periods after independent clauses, dependent clauses, or long phrases that are displayed on separate lines in alist. label all file pages (and the disk itself) with your designatedcode. Punctuation Others, like the Chicago Manual of Style, suggest lowercasing it. Lowercase and spell out when not used with an individual name: The president issued a statement. However, in lists of bullet points, the beginning of a point is also indicated by space and the item marker (whether a bullet, a number, or a letter). We have three punctuation issues to consider: Should the ending punctuation at the end of each bullet list be a period, a semicolon, or no punctuation? Vertical lists can be ordered or unordered and can be introduced by complete or incomplete sentences, all of which affect how the individual list items are capitalized and punctuated. Q: Is it staff has or staff have? In general, capitalize formal titles used directly before a name. Below is a description of the ways you can use our case converter. Beyond that, all three capitalize the first and last word of a title. For lists of fragments, short phrases, or words, capitalization is optional: My favorite fruits include: oranges apples bananas dragon fruit My favorite fruits include: Oranges Apples Bananas Dragon fruit As with the other optional punctuation above, though, make sure to use a consistent capitalization style throughout your writing. Dont use a period at the end of a bullet if the bullet lists are one word or a short phrase that feels like an inventory or shopping list. Do use a comma before the last item in a series when it contains items with and/or. Unsubscribe at any time. always refer to the style guide and doublecheck capitalization recommendations. 5 simple story types to fill out your editorial calendar, A quick refresher on using minor punctuation marks in AP style, 8 tips on writing and editing from Jerry Seinfeld. There are five important things to watch for in numbered and bulleted lists: inconsistent capitalization. But here are a few things you might not realize are actually lowercase in AP style. The capitalization rules are as follows: AMA style capitalization is mainly used in the scientific community. Chicago Manual of Style does not. Navigating the not-so-hidden treasures of the APA Style website. Considering those rules, these hyphenated words would all be correctly capitalized in titles: In the list above, up, in, on, off, and out are adverbs-not prepositions. endstream endobj 32 0 obj <>stream Also, please note that ads, brochures and legal contracts may require some deviation from these guidelines. However, Garner qualifies this: "If you begin each item with a lowercase letter, put a semicolon at the end of each item, use and after the next-to-last item, and put a period after the last item." However, you can omit the colon when a list follows a partial sentence. Consider the examples below: This means you must CHECK to find out the proper name!) (Just like this bullet list youre reading now.). - Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section. . Q: There seem to be differing opinions on whether or not to capitalize the names of grapes used to make wine. A: A few examples: Radar, Laser, NATO, OPEC. When do Iuse periods and when do Ileave bulleted items without end punctuation? While its not wrong and some style guides recommend this, its not the best business writing choice. 7.2.15 New section added on when to capitalize names of degree programs. Capitalization (proper nouns: America; proper names: Democratic Party; popular names: Indy 500; compositions: books, movies, operas ). This is why capitalization of items that make up a list of bullet points is sometimes a matter of style. Here is an example of bullet lists that need a period to complete the introductory stem sentence: Here is an example of bullets lists that do not need a period because they are fragments not connected to the introductory stem sentence: These are reasons I love traveling to Ireland: Here is an example of bullet lists that do not need a period because theyre one word or a short phrase that feels like an inventory or shopping list: This issue is straightforward. Capitalize the second word in a hyphenated compound if both words are equal and not suffices or prefixes (e.g., Cost-Benefit), Capitalize the first non-Greek letter after a lowercase Greek letter (e.g., -Bromohexanoic), Lowercase the first non-Greek letter after a capital Greek letter (e.g., -9-tetrahydrocannabinol), Capitalize the genus but not the species epithet. A: Eight states are never abbreviated in datelines or text: Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah. social connection, in which people text as a way to connect with others; escapism, in which people text to get away from dull or uncomfortable situations such as waiting in line; distraction, in which people text to distract themselves while having a conversation with someone or being in a meeting; audacity, in which people text to get a response from someone, such as to break up with them or ask them on a date; nurturing, in which people text to foster relationships by saying things like good morning or I love you; and. After each dash, capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each section. This is usually done when each list entry finishes an introductory phrase, as shown below: Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox. AP Stylebook Online builds on everything that's in the print Stylebook, and makes it a more comprehensive, convenient resource. Complete sentences introducing ordered lists are traditionally punctuated with a colon. Bulleted lists: Capitalize the first letter after the bullet. Capitalize major words, e.g. 1+ 803-479-5092 ntuten@getitwriteonline.com Continue from there down the list. Very helpful stuff! Take a digital photo of a family member. And if youd like any more help with the punctuation and capitalization of lists in a document, dont forget we have proofreaders available 24/7! A: Use "that" for a thing, "who" for the personal pronoun, although "that" also fits some human references. Thanks for the comment, Anna. Of course, youll want to keep using capitals for all the basics: the beginning of every sentence, proper nouns like names and specific locations, days of the week and months. (After reading this) .. If nothing else, your writing will be consistent. Learn how your comment data is processed. 6. Q: Should diseases also known by acronyms such as PTSD be capitalized? When do Icapitalize the first letter in abulleteditem? Your subscription includes the . The Gregg Reference Manual(Sabin). finish the project by Friday, January 23; place everything youve turned in to date, plus this assignment, on afloppy disk;and. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Erin Wright with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. We recommend following the AP Stylebooks bullet punctuation, with additional clarifications that AP doesnt address. When writing an argumentative essay, you would typically research a topic and adopt a certain How to Punctuate and Capitalize Bullet Points. Its hard for some people to wrap their heads around this rule, especially if each item on the list is not a full sentence. For example, here is a summary of the instructions to write a standard 5 paragraph essay. All style guides agree to capitalize the first letter of the bullet list unless you opt for the "vertical lists punctuated as a sentence" format using semicolons, illustrated above. It is the same across all of the four styles. However, clear bullet list punctuation adds visual scan-ability to your business writing. Again, these will depend on the specific style you choose (see Title Capitalization Rules by Style section). It also connects closely related thoughts. Ordered lists that are part of an incomplete introductory sentence are lowercased and punctuated as if each item was inside the sentence.5, The animal shelters most generous donors were, 2. local businesses, including the hardware store, grocery store, and coffee shop; and. You are reading a blog that focuses on business writing. Q: Which states are never abbreviated in datelines? The first option is to use no punctuation after the bulleted items (including the final one), which may be better when the items are shorter and simpler. Write it. Ordered vertical lists have, you guessed it, an order. Another easy decision. For company names, use their preference: eBay. Its visually cluttered, impeding easy scan. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. You can learn more in the Title Capitalization Rules by Style section. If unchecked, quotes will be output as curly quotes. A: Always use figures for people, animals and objects: 3-year-old house. Q: In a news story, can you start a sentence with an acronym? 0 Were often asked whether you need a period at the end of each entry in a list. If you want to, you can press Enter on your keyboard or click the Copy button next to the text box to copy the text to your clipboard. Numbered and unnumbered lists are more commonly used in scholarly publications. Q: Is there a standard AP style for bulleted areas of text? AP has a few punctuation rules that differ from many common style guides: Do not use a comma before the last item in a simple series ("My favorite candy includes Snickers, Twix and Zagnut bars."). You have multiple options to capitalize and change the case of your titles, headlines, song titles, book titles, email subjects, and more. You can also use this tool to do it automatically. Prepositions that contain five letters or more. In Not quite. To illustrate the example, youd sayI voted on election day because I want my candidate to win. I voted on election day because I like to exercise my right to vote. I voted on election day because I believe every vote counts.. in English from the University of Rhode Island, an M.A. Bulleted lists can be used with complete sentences, phrases, or a combination. Initial capitalization is preferred for list items that are complete sentences ( Example B) or stand-alone phrases (Examples C and D ). $;$ExRp" e8CQiQYgKdIw lP"1C[;d,|xk0:[#.kvZ|{wY14\.wCzb`*,a`FK{GQfl!hie "h9e tI*2$"/'O6\a>Zb=01fD?`ZTX7w$\a +!F7X o7N| *&Rp oTF G6eKeJ22N Mb[$er6_oZkh:.jFeX^Lu}]/E.tesv!8;>pi0B@09]l}llx| V:2`zXoyQ% 'w One exception: email (no hyphen, which reflects majority of usage). Poor sleep quality has been linked with the following symptoms: The second option is to insert punctuation after the bulleted items as though the bullets were not there, which may be better when the items are longer or more complex. Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter! Its illogical to use semicolons and vertical lists punctuated as sentences in business writing because its visually cluttered so its harder to scan. That's . There's an old joke: See the "legislative titles" entry for rulings. The Associated Press Stylebook provides an A-Z guide to issues such as capitalization, abbreviation, punctuation, spelling, numerals and many other questions of language usage. Read this and other articles on English grammar, mechanics, and usage at Get It Write. A: AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. These aren't always the same abbreviations the mail carrier uses. Your email address will not be published. The following example demonstrates this format as well as how to include a citation for the information in the bulleted list. Vertical lists are set apart from the surrounding text and are usually prefaced with bullets or sequential numbers or letters. The first word after a colon unless it begins an independent clause. The rule of thumb in AP style is that things should be lowercased unless a rule indicates that they're upper. A: AP uses the numeral for acres, even when less than 10, as a dimension: 5 acres. This isn't an exhaustive list, but it will get you started. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style . AP follows two broad rules for capitalization: Common names are not capitalized unless part of a proper name (the river vs. the Thames River). Judy Vorfeld Oppress means to persecute/tyrannize/bully. Note however that it is not wrong to capitalize a sentence or clause after a colon. Possessive versus descriptive Q: A months confinement or a month's confinement? Quickly convert your title or text to title case by simply clicking the Title Case button in the tool above. Q: Why is "doctorate in psychology" not capped, but "Bachelor of Arts" is? Write a strong thesis statement, compose the body of your essay, complete the introduction, and. And consistency goes a long way in creating clear, credible content. 1:28 PM - 14 Jul 2021 37 Retweets 189 Likes %%EOF 22 December, 2021. Don't use a bulleted list for only one item. They look good. The same applies when someone may refer to specific items by number. 2-5 p.m.) and when to use the word "to"? Q: How do I deal with a vulgarity from a movie that is integral to the article I'm writing? That includes newspaper names and magazine references. Bullets normally preface unordered list items.7. Proven techniques for attention grabbing headlines & titles. Q: How about using e- as a prefix for new terms in the tech and business worlds? A: AP lowercases those descriptive titles. Semicolon Use in Lists A properly inserted semicolon helps to provide pause and clarifying separation in sentences. Start each list item with a capital letter, unless case is an important part of the information conveyed by the listsuch as in a list of glossary terms. Most often, the text that introduces such lists ends with a colon, as in "The value of . Q: Why is atheist not capitalized while Catholics, Muslims, Buddhists, etc., are? Anation could be oppressed by its leaders, Judy Vorfeld Repellent and Repulsive both speak to driving others away, but REPULSIVE Three horizontal centrifugal pumps with design temperature of 100 degrees F. Three electric motors, in accordance with Appendices. Lower is default; upper is special. But if youre following AP style, chances are youre overusing those big letters. Enter the email you used in your Ragan store purchase. News media (datelines; headlines; newswriting ). If you have a list of full sentences or a list with a mix of full sentences and fragments we suggest capitalizing the first letter in each item. Its all about readability. Titles. 10439 W Royal Palm Rd., Peoria AZ 85345 After each dash, capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each section. Memorize the AP abbreviations. If you want to change your title from uppercase to title case, you can select the Title Case button above. Do you capitalize the first word of a bullet point? The Chicago Manual of Style has pages of rules and examples of bullet lists that agree with the Garner style recommendation to use semicolons after each item, use and after the next-to-last-item, and use a period at the end of the last item. So long as your capitalization rules remain consistent in your organizations communications, youre golden. Ive never found the AP Stylebook entry that covers this, including capitalization.. Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. This is where the semicolon confusion comes in. A: A partial spelling with hyphens in place of some letters would convey the meaning. Thank you, Sarah! These include short words and conjunctions: The other major type of title capitalization standard is sentence case. A: In a simple series, AP doesn't use a comma before the last item. How a list is punctuated depends on the sort of information that is being presented. The following rules apply to MLA headings: AP style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the Associated Press but is also used widely throughout journalism. This will convert your text to uppercase. We wont send you spam. Q: Veteran's Benefits, Veterans Benefits or Veterans' Benefits? A: The phrase suggests a contingency unlikely to come true, so use "were" for the subjunctive mood. You can also use this tool to do it automatically. document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a4470ef17940e51381fb55e5e7bde6b6" );document.getElementById("j6a5d70196").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Sign up to receive the latest articles from Ragan.com directly in your inbox. Q: If you have a hyphen in a headline, is the word after the hyphen capitalized? Capitalize the first word of every bullet. Lower is default; upper is special. Example: The software in this price range offers many excellent features: RULE: When one item contains acomplete sentence, punctuate all bulleted items as though they were complete sentences: capitalize the beginning words and use aperiod at the end of each item. She excels at designing customized business writing training programs to maximize productivity, advance business objectives, and convey complex information. Capitalization looks fancy and makes things seem important. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this websites owner is strictly prohibited. The stylebook uses italics for examples only. I was a fan until I realized it wasn't AP Style, all hail AP Style Honorable mention a.m. and p.m. - That's how they're used. Inconsistent punctuation; Sometimes the grammar isn't parallel between items. The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends prefacing unordered lists with dashes instead of bullets, although bullets are an acceptable choice for some publications.AP style also recommends punctuating complete and incomplete introductory sentences with a colon and capitalizing the first word in each list item as well as punctuating To keep bullets simple and consistent, I take a dual approach to styling them, based on whether the items in the list are complete sentences or partial sentences. Writing, phrasing, usage (word choice; clarity; subjunctive mood; ethnic-racial; profanity; slang ). The MLA's guidelines for styling vertical lists are derived from The Chicago Manual of Style (6.127-132). Q: How does AP treat programming language when used in general text? Please list your allergies and give date of last flare-up. Do it anyway. Q: For a subject/verb agreement, how should I treat "one or more features? Subscribe to the My Blog Editor blog for the latest TIPS on improving the QUALITY of your business content. How to punctuate bullet lists can be tricky because various style guides contradict each other. Capitalization and end punctuation depend on the type of list and the contents of the list. 28 0 obj <> endobj How about Civil Rights Movement? Numbered Lists and Bullet Lists: Why and How? If a sentence contains more than three items or ideas, we recommend breaking them up into a bulleted list. In business writing, yes, use a colon at the end of the introductory stem sentence. Your points should be consistent, either all sentences or all fragments. TITLES The rules are fairly standard for title case: Making sure you have the right capitalization for APA headings is crucial for scholarly articles. A list of information can be neatly organised using bullet points. This will automatically indent the list as well. . This creates anew layer of confusion on how to use capitalization and punctuation in such lists. Home Style and Grammar Guidelines Lists Lists Just as heading structure alerts readers to the order of ideas in a paper, lists help readers understand a related set of key points within a sentence or paragraph. Example: You will need to present the following information: Your driver's license. Follow the same capitalization rules you would follow for normal sentences. AP style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the Associated Press but is also used widely throughout journalism. A colon should be used to introduce the list, and the first letter of each point should be capitalised. However, in regard to headlines, is it now true that press release headlines should be in sentence case? The buttons at the bottom let you choose specific case conversion options for the various styles. 9. It is intended as a guide to common PR Team style and . Capitalize the important words in the title, Subordinating conjunctions (when fewer than 5 letters), Coordinating Conjunctions (and, but, for), Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including. is lowercase. A: AP stories use PHP, Ajax, XML, FTP search engine optimization click-through rate pay-per-click. Lowercase to in the infinitive (though not defined in the stylebook). Added standalone cities to guidance on addresses and states. driving, in which people text while in their vehicle (Schroeder & Sims, 2018). 48 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C><8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C>]/Index[28 32]/Info 27 0 R/Length 99/Prev 782230/Root 29 0 R/Size 60/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Use either all full sentences in your bullet lists or all fragments. STATES: Abbreviate state names when listed after a city. Required fields are marked *. If that sounds like a lot to remember, think of it this way instead: as a general rule of thumb, any word that's three letters or less should not be capitalized. APA allows the use of bulleted lists with or without punctuation. A: AP Stylebook entry on "collective nouns" says band names take plural verbs. In this tutorial, well explore guidelines for how to write vertical lists. RECOMMENDATION: Please avoid usingthe following format: If you write alot of reports and documents with lists, youll always do well if you follow the guidelines above, recognizing the need of the reader to grasp information quickly and easily. Some style manuals, such as the AP Stylebook and APA Publication Manual, recommend capitalizing an independent clause after a colon.
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